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Muslim rule in India saw a major shift in the cultural, linguistic, and religious makeup of the subcontinent. [8] Persian and Arabic vocabulary began to enter local languages, giving way to modern Punjabi, Bengali, and Gujarati, while creating new languages including Hindustani and its dialect, Deccani , used as official languages under Muslim ...
With around 204 million Muslims (2019 estimate), India's Muslim population is the world's third-largest [93] [94] [95] and the world's largest Muslim-minority population. [96] India is home to 10.9% of the world's Muslim population. [93] [97] According to Pew Research Center, there can be 213 million Muslims in 2020, India's 15% population.
Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century). Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [ 1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the ...
The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcated by the two boundary commissions for the provinces of Punjab and Bengal during the Partition of India.It is named after Cyril Radcliffe, who, as the joint chairman of the two boundary commissions, had the ultimate responsibility to equitably divide 175,000 square miles (450,000 km 2) of territory with 88 million people.
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]
Ahmadiyya is an Islamic religious movement originating in 1889 in northern India around the teachings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who claimed to have been divinely appointed as both the promised Mahdi and Messiah expected by Muslims to appear towards the end times . As of 2016 the Community has been established in 209 countries and ...
Bengal was also central in the rising political awareness of the Muslim population—the All-India Muslim League was established in Dhaka in 1906. The Muslim homeland movement pushed for a sovereign state in eastern India with the Lahore Resolution in 1943. Hindu nationalism was also strong in Bengal, which was home to groups like the Hindu ...
The Bengal Sultanate was a Sunni Muslim monarchy [ 6][ 7][ 8] with Bengali, Turco-Persian, Indo-Afghan and Abyssinian elites. [ 9] The most prominent dynasties were the Ilyas Shahi, House of Ganesha and Hussain Shahi. The empire was known for its religious pluralism where non-Muslim communities co-existed peacefully.