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Caesar cipher. The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. The cipher illustrated here uses a left shift of 3, so that (for example) each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's ...
An example of a U.S. classified document; page 13 of a United States National Security Agency report [31] on the USS Liberty incident, partially declassified and released to the public in July 2003. The original overall classification of the page, "Top Secret" code word UMBRA, is shown at top and bottom. The classification of individual ...
The pigpen cipher uses graphical symbols assigned according to a key similar to the above diagram. [1]The pigpen cipher (alternatively referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) [2] [3] is a geometric simple substitution cipher, which exchanges letters for symbols which are fragments of a grid.
However, in cryptography, code has a more specific meaning: the replacement of a unit of plaintext (i.e., a meaningful word or phrase) with a code word (for example, "wallaby" replaces "attack at dawn"). A cypher, in contrast, is a scheme for changing or substituting an element below such a level (a letter, a syllable, or a pair of letters, etc ...
The United States Secret Service uses code names for U.S. presidents, first ladies, and other prominent persons and locations. [ 1] The use of such names was originally for security purposes and dates to a time when sensitive electronic communications were not routinely encrypted; today, the names simply serve for purposes of brevity, clarity ...
Top Secret is the highest level of classified information. [4] Information is further compartmented so that specific access using a code word after top secret is a legal way to hide collective and important information. [5] Such material would cause "exceptionally grave damage" to national security if made publicly available. [6]
Occasionally the special code names come close to the nerve, as did MONGOOSE." [6] A secret joint program between the Mexico City CIA station and the Mexican secret police to wiretap the Soviet and Cuban embassies was code-named ENVOY. [7] Some cryptonyms relate to more than one subject, e.g., a group of people. [3]
A pamphlet published in 1885, entitled The Beale Papers, is the source of this story.The treasure was said to have been obtained by an American named Thomas J. Beale in the early 1800s, from a mine to the north of Nuevo México (New Mexico), at that time in the Spanish province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (an area that today would most likely be part of Colorado).