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The Jewish population of Europe in 2010 was estimated to be approximately 1.4 million (0.2% of the European population), or 10% of the world's Jewish population. [6] In the 21st century, France has the largest Jewish population in Europe, [ 6 ] [ 10 ] followed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia and Ukraine. [ 10 ]
The expression Eastern European Jewry has two meanings. Its first meaning refers to the current political spheres of the Eastern European countries and its second meaning refers to the Jewish communities in Russia and Poland. The phrase 'Eastern European Jews' or 'Jews of the East' (from German: Ostjuden) was established during the 20th century ...
The Jewish diaspora in the second Temple period (516 BCE – 70 CE) was created from various factors, including through the creation of political and war refugees, enslavement, deportation, overpopulation, indebtedness, military employment, and opportunities in business, commerce, and agriculture. [ 5]
A 2010 study of Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. identified two major groups: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews, by using "principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis". "The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar ...
Jewish emancipation was the process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, e.g. Jewish quotas, to which European Jews were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights. [ 1] It included efforts within the community to integrate into their societies as citizens.
The global Jewish population reached 13 million by 1995 and 14 million by 2010. This growth continued, with the population reaching 15 million in 2020. However, the Jewish population has not yet recovered to its pre-World War II size of approximately 16.5 million. [ 1]
Here are lists of some prominent East European Jews, arranged by country of origin. List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian, and Slovak Jews. List of Hungarian Jews. List of Polish Jews. List of Romanian Jews. List of Belarusian Jews. List of Ukrainian Jews. List of Jews born in the former Russian Empire (and the former Soviet Union)
The first large ghetto of World War II at Piotrków Trybunalski was established on October 8, 1939, [ 37] followed by the Łódź Ghetto in April 1940, the Warsaw Ghetto in October 1940, and many other ghettos established throughout 1940 and 1941. The ghettos were walled off, and any Jew found leaving them was shot.