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Muslim rule in India saw a major shift in the cultural, linguistic, and religious makeup of the subcontinent. [8] Persian and Arabic vocabulary began to enter local languages, giving way to modern Punjabi, Bengali, and Gujarati, while creating new languages including Hindustani and its dialect, Deccani , used as official languages under Muslim ...
India is home to 10.9% of the world's Muslim population. [ 93][ 97] According to Pew Research Center, there can be 213 million Muslims in 2020, India's 15% population. [ 98][ 99] Indian Muslim have a fertility rate of 2.36, the highest in the nation as per as according to year 2019-21 estimation. [ 100]
The two-nation theory was an ideology of religious nationalism that advocated Muslim Indian nationhood, with separate homelands for Indian Muslims and Indian Hindus within a decolonised British India, which ultimately led to the Partition of India in 1947. [ 1] Its various descriptions of religious differences were the main factor in Muslim ...
Islam. Islam is the second-largest religion in South Asia, with more than 650 million Muslims living there, forming about one-third of the region's population. Islam first spread along the coastal regions of the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, almost as soon as it started in the Arabian Peninsula, as the Arab traders brought it to South Asia.
Diagram showing the various branches of Islam: Sunnīsm, Shīʿīsm, Ibadism, Quranism, Non-denominational Muslims, Mahdavia, Ahmadiyya, Nation of Islam, and Sufism. The original schism between Kharijites, Sunnīs, and Shīʿas among Muslims was disputed over the political and religious succession to the guidance of the Muslim community ( Ummah ...
Islam. The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries. Earlier Muslim conquests in the subcontinent include the invasions which started in the northwestern subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan ), especially the Umayyad campaigns during the 8th century.
The cartography of India begins with early charts for navigation [1] and constructional plans for buildings. [2] Indian traditions influenced Tibetan [3] and Islamic traditions, [4] and in turn, were influenced by the British cartographers who solidified modern concepts into India's map making.
Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). [1] Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography , and cartography and mathematical geography . [ 1 ]