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Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [ 1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [ 2]
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
The n-grams are matched with the text within the selected corpus, and if found in 40 or more books, are then displayed as a graph. [6] The Google Books Ngram Viewer supports searches for parts of speech and wildcards. [6] It is routinely used in research. [7] [8]
An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. They serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and discussion of research. They nearly universally require peer review for research articles or other scrutiny from ...
A common format for biblical citations is Book chapter:verses, using a colon to delimit chapter from verse, as in: "In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth" ( Gen. 1:1 ). Or, stated more formally, [ 2][ 3][ 4][ a] book chapter:verse1,verse2 for multiple disjoint verses ( John 6:14, 44 ). The range delimiter is an en-dash, and ...
Total citations, or average citation count per article, can be reported for an individual author or researcher. Many other measures have been proposed, beyond simple citation counts, to better quantify an individual scholar's citation impact. [20] The best-known measures include the h-index [21] and the g-index. [22]
This longer video outlines the use of some Google Scholar features. Internet Archive and Google Books index millions of books, both academic and popular; however, not all will be available in full text. This video introduces the use of Internet Archive for research. Several publishers make multiple editions of their books available through ...