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María Clara doctrine. The María Clara doctrine, also known as the Woman's Honor doctrine, is a legal doctrine applied by Philippine courts regarding cases that concern abuse against women. The doctrine is a presumption "that women, especially Filipinas, would not admit that they have been abused unless that abuse had actually happened."
The Doctrina Christiana (English: Christian Doctrine) were two early books on the catechism of the Catholic Church, both published 1593 in Manila, Philippines. These are two of the earliest printed books in the Philippines. [1] [2] The Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua China (1593-1605), by Fray Juan Cobo.
Rape. Rape in the Philippines is considered a criminal offense. In Philippine jurisprudence, it is a heinous crime punishable by reclusión perpetua when committed against women. Rape of males is also legally recognized as rape by sexual assault, which is penalized by imprisonment of six to twelve years. [1] [2]
The Philippine Independent Church ( Filipino: Malayang Simbahan ng Pilipinas; Ilocano: Nawaya a Simbaan ti Filipinas ), officially referred to by its Spanish name Iglesia Filipina Independiente ( IFI) and colloquially called the Aglipayan Church, is an independent [ e] Christian denomination, in the form of a nationalist church, in the Philippines.
The New People's Army ( Filipino: Bagong Hukbong Bayan ), abbreviated NPA or BHB, is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP). [14] : 119 It acts as the CPP's principal organization, aiming to consolidate political power from what it sees as the present "bourgeois reactionary puppet government" and to aid in the " people's ...
The United Church of Christ in the Philippines is trinitarian and believes in the deity, humanity, and atonement of Jesus. It believes that the Bible, in both the Old and New Testaments, is the inspired Word of God and that salvation is by grace through faith, repentance and following after Christ.
The Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands (Spanish: Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas) is a Methodist Christian denomination. Founded on 28 February 1909 by Bishop Nicolás Zamora , it is recognised in the Philippines as the first indigenous Evangelical Protestant denomination.
Philippine Army. The Philippine Army ( PA) ( Filipino: Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas) is the main, oldest and largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), responsible for ground warfare and as of 2021 had an estimated strength of 143,100 soldiers [1] The service branch was established on December 21, 1935, as the Philippine ...