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The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Homo heidelbergensis . The Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, which lasted almost two centuries, led to the establishment of the provinces of Lusitania in the south and Gallaecia in the north of what is now Portugal.
Al-Andalus[ a] ( Arabic: الأَنْدَلُس) was the Muslim -ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern-day Gibraltar, Portugal, Spain, and Southern France. The name describes the different Muslim [ 1][ 2] states that controlled these territories at various times ...
The first Roman invasion of the Iberian Peninsula occurred in 219 BC. Within 200 years, almost the entire peninsula had been annexed to the Roman Republic, starting the Romanization of Hispania. The Carthaginians, Rome's adversary in the Punic Wars, were expelled from their coastal colonies. The Roman conquest of what is now part of modern-day ...
Islam (0.42%) Hinduism (0.22%) Buddhism (0.19%) Judaism (0.03%) Other religion (0.28%) No religion (14.09%) Church of the Holy Cross in Coimbra. Christianity is the predominant religion in Portugal, with Catholicism being its largest denomination. Portugal is a secular state and its constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
Portugal is an overwhelmingly Christian majority country, with adherents of Islam being a small minority. According to the 2021 census, Muslims represent around 0.4% of the total population of the country. [ 2] However, many centuries back, Islam was a major religion in the territory of modern-day Portugal, beginning with the Muslim conquest of ...
Roman Catholicism, which has a long history in Portugal, remains the dominant religion. Portugal has no official religion, though in the past, the Catholic Church in Portugal was the state religion. [230] [231] According to the 2021 Census, 80.2% of the Portuguese population was Roman Catholic Christian. [4]
The Islamic world also influenced other aspects of medieval European culture, partly by original innovations made during the Islamic Golden Age, including various fields such as the arts, agriculture, alchemy, music, pottery, etc. Many Arabic loanwords in Western European languages, including English, mostly via Old French, date from this ...
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests ( Arabic: الْفُتُوحَاتُ الإسْلَامِيَّة, romanized : al-Futūḥāt al-ʾIslāmiyya ), [ 3] also known as the Arab conquests, [ 4] were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam. He established a new unified polity in Arabia based in Medina that ...