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EPSG:4326 - WGS 84, latitude/longitude coordinate system based on the Earth's center of mass, used by the Global Positioning System among others. EPSG:3857 - Web Mercator projection used for display by many web-based mapping tools, including Google Maps and OpenStreetMap.
The forward projection transforms spherical coordinates into planar coordinates. The reverse projection transforms from the plane back onto the sphere. The formulae presume a spherical model and use these definitions: is the longitude of the location to project; is the latitude of the location to project; are the standard parallels (north and south of the equator) where the scale of the ...
The creation of a map projection involves two steps: Selection of a model for the shape of the Earth or planetary body (usually choosing between a sphere or ellipsoid). Because the Earth's actual shape is irregular, information is lost in this step. Transformation of geographic coordinates (longitude and latitude) to Cartesian (x, y) or polar (r, θ) plane coordinates. In large-scale maps ...
The projection transforms from latitude and longitude to map coordinates x and y via the following equations: [5] where θ is an auxiliary angle defined by and λ is the longitude, λ0 is the central meridian, φ is the latitude, and R is the radius of the globe to be projected.
The formulas for the spherical orthographic projection are derived using trigonometry. They are written in terms of longitude (λ) and latitude (φ) on the sphere. Define the radius of the sphere R and the center point (and origin) of the projection (λ0, φ0). The equations for the orthographic projection onto the (x, y) tangent plane reduce to the following: [1] Latitudes beyond the range of ...
Earth centered, Earth fixed coordinates in relation to latitude and longitude. The thousands of spatial reference systems used today are based on a few general strategies, which have been defined in the EPSG, ISO, and OGC standards: [1][2] Geographic coordinate system (or geodetic) A spherical coordinate system measuring locations directly on the Earth (modeled as a sphere or ellipsoid) using ...
Module:Location map/data/Visayas is a location map definition used to overlay markers and labels on an equirectangular projection map of Visayas. The markers are placed by latitude and longitude coordinates on the default map or a similar map image.
A horizontal datum is a model used to precisely measure positions on Earth; it is thus a crucial component of any spatial reference system or map projection. A horizontal datum binds a specified reference ellipsoid, a mathematical model of the shape of the earth, to the physical earth. Thus, the geographic coordinate system on that ellipsoid can be used to measure the latitude and longitude of ...