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In physical geography, a fjord or fiord ( / ˈfjɔːrd, fiːˈɔːrd / ⓘ [1]) is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. [2] Fjords exist on the coasts of Antarctica, the Arctic, and surrounding landmasses of the northern and southern hemispheres. [3] Norway's coastline is estimated to be 29,000 km (18,000 ...
Prevailing winds. Winds are part of Earth's atmospheric circulation. Global surface wind vector flow lines colored by wind speed from June 1, 2011 to October 31, 2011. In meteorology, prevailing wind in a region of the Earth 's surface is a surface wind that blows predominantly from a particular direction. The dominant winds are the trends in ...
At 71°N, near the coast, the tree-line is below sea level (Arctic tree line). Abisko, Sweden 68°N 650 2,100 Chugach Mountains, Alaska: 61°N 700 2,300 Tree line around 1,500 feet (460 m) or lower in coastal areas Southern Norway 61°N 1,100 3,600 Much lower near the coast, down to 500–600 metres (1,600–2,000 ft). Scotland, United Kingdom
Sea level. This marker indicating sea level is situated between Jerusalem and the Dead Sea. Mean sea level ( MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth 's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datum – a standardised ...
The ITCZ is visible as a band of clouds encircling Earth near the Equator. The Intertropical Convergence Zone ( ITCZ / ɪtʃ / ITCH, or ICZ ), [1] known by sailors as the doldrums [2] or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather, is the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. It encircles Earth near the ...
Thermohaline circulation ( THC) is a part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes. [1] [2] The adjective thermohaline derives from thermo- referring to temperature and -haline referring to salt content, factors which together determine the density of sea water.
Topography of Europe. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The two largest peninsulas are Europe itself and Scandinavia to ...
A katabatic wind (named from Ancient Greek κατάβασις ( katábasis) 'descent') carries high-density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity. Such winds are sometimes also called fall winds; the spelling catabatic winds [1] is also used. Katabatic winds can rush down elevated slopes at hurricane speeds, but ...