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Learn about the different ways to measure and define the radius of Earth, from the equatorial and polar radii to the mean, authalic and volumetric radii. Find out the values in meters, kilometers and other units, and how they vary due to rotation, density and tidal forces.
Learn how Earth's circumference was measured by ancient and modern methods, and how it is related to units of length. The equatorial circumference is 40,075.017 km, and the polar circumference is 40,007.863 km.
Learn about the different models of the Earth's size and shape, from sphere to ellipsoid, and how they are used in geodesy and navigation. Compare the radius, eccentricity, flattening and other parameters of various reference ellipsoids.
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one with life. It has a global ocean, a dynamic atmosphere, a liquid core, and a varied surface with mountains, volcanoes, and landmasses.
Geodesy is the science of measuring and representing the Earth's shape, size and gravity field. Learn how geodesy developed from ancient times to the modern era, with references to philosophers, explorers and mathematicians.
Arc measurement of Eratosthenes. Arc measurement, [1] sometimes degree measurement [2] (German: Gradmessung), [3] is the astrogeodetic technique of determining the radius of Earth – more specifically, the local Earth radius of curvature of the figure of the Earth – by relating the latitude difference (sometimes also the longitude difference) and the geographic distance surveyed between two ...
Learn about the difference between the equatorial and polar diameters of a planet, due to the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation. Find out how Earth's equatorial bulge affects its sea level, its highest and lowest points, and its gravitational acceleration.
Geodesy is the earth science and applied mathematics discipline that studies the shape, orientation, and gravitational field of the Earth and other astronomical bodies. Learn about the history, concepts, technologies, standards, and applications of geodesy, as well as the terms geoid, ellipsoid, and datum.