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The Roman Empire ( Latin: Imperium Romanum) was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian 's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the autocratic post- Republican state of ancient Rome. It included territories in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and its rulers were known as emperors.
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
Reconstruction of an early world map made by Anaximander of the 6th century BCE, dividing the known world into three large landmasses, one of which was named Europe. The place name Evros was first used by the ancient Greeks to refer to their northernmost province, which bears the same name today.
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, [1] is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD [note 1] comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
The territory of Europe (the continent according to its modern definition) in "ancient times": Prehistoric Europe, human presence in Europe before recorded history. Neolithic Europe, 7000 BCE to 1700 BCE. Bronze Age Europe. Iron Age Europe. Roman imperial period (chronology) Roman Iron Age. The territories of Europe participating in Classical ...
A map of the ancient world centered on Greece. Based on the above definition, the "cores" of the Greco-Roman world can be confidently stated to have been the Italian Peninsula, Greece, Cyprus, the Iberian Peninsula, the Anatolian Peninsula (modern-day Turkey), Gaul (modern-day France), the Syrian region (modern-day Levantine countries, Central and Northern Syria, Lebanon and Palestine), Egypt ...
The history of Rome includes the history of the city of Rome as well as the civilisation of ancient Rome. Roman history has been influential on the modern world, especially in the history of the Catholic Church, and Roman law has influenced many modern legal systems. Roman history can be divided into the following periods:
The Roman people was the body of Roman citizens ( Latin: Rōmānī; Ancient Greek: Ῥωμαῖοι Rhōmaîoi) [a] during the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. This concept underwent considerable changes throughout the long history of the Roman civilisation, as its borders expanded and contracted. Originally only ...