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Spalling is a condition where constant high humidity or moisture breaks down masonry surfaces, causing deterioration and shedding of the concrete surfaces. Other coatings can be effective where condensation is the main source of wetness. It is also effective if the problem has minor dampness. Usually, interior waterproofing will not stop major ...
The American Concrete Institute ( ACI, formerly National Association of Cement Users or NACU) is a non-profit technical society and standards developing organization. ACI was founded in January 1905 during a convention in Indianapolis. [ 1][ 2] The Institute's headquarters are currently located in Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA.
Once this is defined, design code gives standard prescriptions for w/c ratio, the cement content, and the thickness of the concrete cover. This approach represents an improvement step for the durability design of reinforced concrete structures, it is suitable for the design of ordinary structures designed with traditional materials (Portland ...
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, [1] and is the most widely used building material. [2] Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined. [3]
Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction. It is substantially "prestressed" ( compressed) during production, in a manner that strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. [ 1][ 2]: 3–5 [ 3] This compression is produced by the tensioning of high-strength "tendons" located within or adjacent to ...
Leaky abstraction. In software development, a leaky abstraction is an abstraction that leaks details that it is supposed to abstract away. [1] As coined by Joel Spolsky, the Law of Leaky Abstractions states: [2] All non-trivial abstractions, to some degree, are leaky. This statement highlights a particularly problematic cause of software ...
Segregation in concrete is a case of particle segregation in concrete applications, in which particulate solids tend to segregate by virtue of differences in the size, density, shape and other properties of particles of which they are composed. when the workability of concrete is high under pouring conditions, or the amount of mortar is larger than the void volume of coarse aggregate, or the ...
Accelerated curing is any method by which high early age strength is achieved in concrete. These techniques are especially useful in the prefabrication industry, wherein high early age strength enables the removal of the formwork within 24 hours, thereby reducing the cycle time, resulting in cost-saving benefits. [1]