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In computing, the term 3 GB barrier refers to a limitation of some 32-bit operating systems running on x86 microprocessors. It prevents the operating systems from using all of 4 GiB ( 4 × 10243 bytes) of main memory. [ 1] The exact barrier varies by motherboard and I/O device configuration, particularly the size of video RAM; it may be in the ...
The year 2038 problem (also known as Y2038, [ 1] Y2K38, Y2K38 superbug or the Epochalypse[ 2][ 3]) is a time computing problem that leaves some computer systems unable to represent times after 03:14:07 UTC on 19 January 2038. The problem exists in systems which measure Unix time —the number of seconds elapsed since the Unix epoch (00:00:00 ...
The 2 GB limit refers to a physical memory barrier for a process running on a 32-bit operating system, which can only use a maximum of 2 GB of memory. [1] The problem mainly affects 32-bit versions of operating systems like Microsoft Windows and Linux, although some variants of the latter can overcome this barrier. [2]
exFAT ( Extensible File Allocation Table) is a file system introduced by Microsoft in 2006 and optimized for flash memory such as USB flash drives and SD cards. [ 6] exFAT was proprietary until 28 August 2019, when Microsoft published its specification. [ 7] Microsoft owns patents on several elements of its design.
A 32-bit register can store 2 32 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 32 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 4,294,967,295 (2 32 − 1) for representation as an binary number, and −2,147,483,648 (−2 31) through 2,147,483,647 (2 31 − 1) for representation as two's complement.
This means that systems using a 32-bit time_t type are susceptible to the Year 2038 problem. [9] On 1 January 2022, a bug was reported for Microsoft Exchange systems where email delivery would fail. An internal malware scanner (enabled by default since 2013) used the date and time as a signed 32-bit integer.
Consequently, no file could be larger than 2 32 − 1 bytes (4 GiB − 1). In many implementations, the problem was exacerbated by treating the sizes as signed numbers, which further lowered the limit to 2 31 − 1 bytes (2 GiB − 1). Files that were too large for 32-bit operating systems to handle came to be known as large files.
Examples of operating systems that do not impose this limit include Unix-like systems, and Microsoft Windows NT, 95-98, and ME which have no three character limit on extensions for 32-bit or 64-bit applications on file systems other than pre-Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5 versions of the FAT file system. Some filenames are given extensions ...