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Mars has an orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 astronomical units (228 million km) (12.673 light minutes), and an eccentricity of 0.0934. [1] [2] The planet orbits the Sun in 687 days [3] and travels 9.55 AU in doing so, [4] making the average orbital speed 24 km/s. The eccentricity is greater than that of every other planet except Mercury ...
Mariner 9, Viking 1 and Viking 2 are expected to lower down into the Martian atmosphere by 2022 and either burn up or crash into the planet's surface. [2] Mars Global Surveyor is expected to crash onto the surface of the planet by 2047. The fate of the Soviet's three Mars program orbiters and Phobos 2 remains unclear, but they are still ...
Missions to the moons of Mars. [] Phobos' Stickney Crater. Deimos (lower left) and Phobos (lower right) compared with the asteroid 951 Gaspra. Phobos by Mars Global Surveyor in 1998 [49] There have also have been proposed missions dedicated to explore the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos.
The Mars 1M programs (sometimes dubbed Marsnik in Western media) was the first Soviet uncrewed spacecraft interplanetary exploration program, which consisted of two flyby probes launched towards Mars in October 1960, Mars 1960A and Mars 1960B (also known as Korabl 4 and Korabl 5 respectively).
Viking 2. September 9, 1975 [1] [3] The Viking program consisted of a pair of identical American space probes, Viking 1 and Viking 2, which landed on Mars in 1976. [1] The mission effort began in 1968 and was managed by the NASA Langley Research Center. [4] Each spacecraft was composed of two main parts: an orbiter designed to photograph the ...
On October 13, 1590, the German astronomer Michael Maestlin observed an occultation of Mars by Venus. [23] One of his students, Johannes Kepler, quickly became an adherent to the Copernican system. After the completion of his education, Kepler became an assistant to the Danish nobleman and astronomer, Tycho Brahe.
Theia ( / ˈθiːə /) is a hypothesized ancient planet in the early Solar System which, according to the giant-impact hypothesis, collided with the early Earth around 4.5 billion years ago, with some of the resulting ejected debris coalescing to form the Moon. [ 1][ 2] Collision simulations support the idea that the large low-shear-velocity ...
Apparent magnitude. 7.0–15 [ 6] Absolute magnitude (H) 11.16 [ 1] 433 Eros is a stony asteroid of the Amor group, and the first discovered, and second-largest near-Earth object. It has an elongated shape and a volume-equivalent diameter of approximately 16.8 kilometers (10.4 miles).