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Chemical synthesis ( chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. [ 1] This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory uses, the process is reproducible and reliable. A chemical synthesis involves one or more compounds ...
Williamson ether synthesis. The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol ( alkoxide ). This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [ 2] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction.
Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, [1] is a form of chemical synthesis.It is defined by IUPAC as "a chemical reaction (or reaction sequence) in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereomeric) products in unequal amounts."
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be ...
Cascade reaction. Cascade reactions are often key steps in the efficient total synthesis of complex natural products. The key step in Heathcock 's synthesis of dihydroprotodaphniphylline features a highly efficient cascade involving two aldehyde/amine condensations, a Prins-like cyclization, and a 1,5-hydride transfer to afford a pentacyclic ...
One example of the Strecker synthesis is a multikilogram scale synthesis of an L-valine derivative starting from Methyl isopropyl ketone: [5] (CH 3) 2 CHC(O)CH 3 + HCN + NH 3 → (CH 3) 2 CHC(CN)(NH 2)CH 3 + H 2 O. The initial reaction product of 3-methyl-2butanone with sodium cyanide and ammonia is resolved by application of L-tartaric acid ...
The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines. Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The reaction is named after the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel .
Total synthesis targets can also be organometallic or inorganic, [5] [6] though these are rarely encountered. Total synthesis projects often require a wide diversity of reactions and reagents, and subsequently requires broad chemical knowledge and training to be successful.