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All homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three interdependent components for the variable being regulated: a receptor, a control center, and an effector. The receptor is the sensing component that monitors and responds to changes in the environment, either external or internal. Receptors include thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.
Endocrine system. The endocrine system [1] is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
D012125. Anatomical terminology. [ edit on Wikidata] The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and pons, in the brainstem. The respiratory center is made up of three major respiratory groups of neurons, two in the medulla and one in the pons. In the medulla they are the dorsal respiratory group, and the ventral respiratory group.
The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions, such as the heart rate, its force of contraction, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. [2] This system is the primary mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight response .
The cardiovascular centre, or cardiovascular center, is part of the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. [1] [2] Normally, the heart beats without nervous control. In some situations, such as exercise, and major trauma, the cardiovascular centre is responsible for altering heart rate. It also mediates respiratory sinus arrhythmia .
The somatic nervous system, or voluntary nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. [1] [2] The movements of our arms, legs, and other body parts are among the functions that the somatic nervous system is in charge of and that we can consciously control.
They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen ), arms, hands, legs, and feet . The study of the human body includes anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways.
Central nervous system. The central nervous system ( CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, the retina and optic nerve, and the olfactory nerve and epithelia. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies ...