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Antivirus software (abbreviated to AV software ), also known as anti-malware, is a computer program used to prevent, detect, and remove malware . Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other malware, antivirus software started to protect against other ...
A computer virus [1] is a type of malware that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code into those programs. [2] [3] If this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected" with a computer virus, a metaphor derived from biological viruses.
Virus classification. Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms . Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause.
Spacer acquisition. When a microbe is invaded by a bacteriophage, the first stage of the immune response is to capture phage DNA and insert it into a CRISPR locus in the form of a spacer. Cas1 and Cas2 are found in both types of CRISPR-Cas immune systems, which indicates that they are involved in spacer acquisition.
Viral metagenomics. Environmental Shotgun Sequencing (ESS) (A) Sampling from habitat. (B) filtering particles, typically by size. (C) Lysis and DNA extraction. (D) cloning and library construction. (E) sequencing the clones. (F) sequence assembly into contigs and scaffolds. Viral metagenomics uses metagenomic technologies to detect viral ...
Virology. Gamma phage, an example of virus particles (visualised by electron microscopy) Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction ...
Realms. Adnaviria. Duplodnaviria. Monodnaviria. Riboviria. Ribozyviria. Varidnaviria. A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. [ 1] Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. [ 2][ 3] Viruses are found in almost every ...
The mammalian immune system has evolved complex methods for addressing and adapting to foreign antigens. At the same time, viruses have co-evolved evasion machinery to address the many ways that host organisms attempt to eradicate them. DNA and RNA viruses use complex methods to evade immune cell detection through disruption of the Interferon ...