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The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, North Africa, it also includes the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace and Egypt. The term was invented by modern Western geographers and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, [ 1] but today ...
Eastern Hemisphere. The Eastern Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pole). It is also used to refer to Afro-Eurasia ( Africa and Eurasia) and Australia ...
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa.
Hemispheres of Earth. In geography and cartography, hemispheres of Earth are any division of the globe into two equal halves ( hemispheres ), typically divided into northern and southern halves by the Equator or into western and eastern halves by the Prime meridian. Hemispheres can be divided geographically or culturally, or based on religion ...
The name "Pangaea" is derived from Ancient Greek pan ( πᾶν, "all, entire, whole") and Gaia or Gaea ( Γαῖα, " Mother Earth, land"). [4] [9] The first to suggest that the continents were once joined and later separated may have been Abraham Ortelius in 1596. [10] The concept that the continents once formed a contiguous land mass was ...
Neanderthals and Denisovans are more closely related to each other than they are to modern humans, meaning the Neanderthal/Denisovan split occurred after their split with modern humans. [ 14 ] [ 92 ] [ 138 ] [ 158 ] Assuming a mutation rate of 1 × 10 −9 or 0.5 × 10 −9 per base pair (bp) per year, the Neanderthal/Denisovan split occurred ...
Publications from earlier years may use either definition of the period. The end of the Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the last glacial period and also with the end of the Paleolithic age used in archaeology. The name is a combination of Ancient Greek πλεῖστος (pleîstos) 'most' and καινός (kainós; Latinized as cænus ...
Cardinal directions or cardinal points may sometimes be extended to include vertical position ( elevation, altitude, depth ): north and south, east and west, up and down; or mathematically the six directions of the x-, y-, and z-axes in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Topographic maps include elevation, typically via contour lines .