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A variable in an experiment which is held constant in order to assess the relationship between multiple variables [a], is a control variable. [1] [2] A control variable is an element that is not changed throughout an experiment because its unchanging state allows better understanding of the relationship between the other variables being tested.
The term "physical constant" refers to the physical quantity, and not to the numerical value within any given system of units. For example, the speed of light is defined as having the numerical value of 299 792 458 when expressed in the SI unit metres per second, and as having the numerical value of 1 when expressed in the natural units Planck ...
The Gaussian gravitational constant used in space dynamics is a defined constant and the Cavendish experiment can be considered as a measurement of this constant. In Cavendish's time, physicists used the same units for mass and weight, in effect taking g as a standard acceleration.
The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by ,[ 1] is a fundamental physical constant [ 1] of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon 's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant, and the wavelength of a matter wave equals the Planck constant divided by the associated particle momentum.
Design of experiments. The design of experiments ( DOE or DOX ), also known as experiment design or experimental design, is the design of any task that aims to describe and explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation. The term is generally associated with experiments in which the design ...
A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables ). [ 1] This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements. Scientific controls are a part of the ...
Charles' law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern statement of Charles' law is: When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion. [ 1]
Coulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law [ 1] of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. This electric force is conventionally called the electrostatic force or Coulomb force. [ 2] Although the law was known earlier, it was first published in 1785 by ...