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A graph of the vector-valued function r(z) = 2 cos z, 4 sin z, z indicating a range of solutions and the vector when evaluated near z = 19.5. A common example of a vector-valued function is one that depends on a single real parameter t, often representing time, producing a vector v(t) as the result.
The vector projection (also known as the vector component or vector resolution) of a vector a on (or onto) a nonzero vector b is the orthogonal projection of a onto a straight line parallel to b. The projection of a onto b is often written as or a∥b . The vector component or vector resolute of a perpendicular to b, sometimes also called the ...
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Tridiagonal matrix algorithm. In numerical linear algebra, the tridiagonal matrix algorithm, also known as the Thomas algorithm (named after Llewellyn Thomas ), is a simplified form of Gaussian elimination that can be used to solve tridiagonal systems of equations. A tridiagonal system for n unknowns may be written as. where and .
The sector contour used to calculate the limits of the Fresnel integrals. This can be derived with any one of several methods. One of them [5] uses a contour integral of the function around the boundary of the sector-shaped region in the complex plane formed by the positive x-axis, the bisector of the first quadrant y = x with x ≥ 0, and a circular arc of radius R centered at the origin.
Vectors are defined in spherical coordinates by ( r, θ, φ ), where. r is the length of the vector, θ is the angle between the positive Z-axis and the vector in question (0 ≤ θ ≤ π ), and. φ is the angle between the projection of the vector onto the xy -plane and the positive X-axis (0 ≤ φ < 2 π ). ( r, θ, φ) is given in ...
Unit vector. In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in (pronounced "v-hat"). The term direction vector, commonly denoted as d, is used to describe a unit vector being used to represent spatial ...
Vector field. A portion of the vector field (sin y , sin x) In vector calculus and physics, a vector field is an assignment of a vector to each point in a space, most commonly Euclidean space . [ 1] A vector field on a plane can be visualized as a collection of arrows with given magnitudes and directions, each attached to a point on the plane.