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Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [ 1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [ 2]
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
[2] [9] Before the release, it was difficult to quantify the rate of linguistic change because of the absence of a database that was designed for this purpose, said Steven Pinker, [10] a well-known linguist who was one of the co-authors of the Science paper published on the same day. [1] The Google Books Ngram Viewer was hence developed in the ...
v. t. e. Library Genesis ( LibGen) is a shadow library project for file-sharing access to scholarly journal articles, academic and general-interest books, images, comics, audiobooks, and magazines. The site enables free access to content that is otherwise paywalled or not digitized elsewhere. [ 1] LibGen describes itself as a "links aggregator ...
The RIS file format —two letters, two spaces and a hyphen—is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications, [ 3][ 4][ 5] the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Note that this is the convention on Microsoft Windows, while in other contemporary operating systems ...
The i-10 index indicates the number of academic publications an author has written that have been cited by at least 10 sources. It was introduced in July 2011 by Google as part of their work on Google Scholar. [12] RG Score: ResearchGate Score or RG Score is an author-level metric introduced by ResearchGate in 2012. [13]
Many journals, additionally, do not permit Google Scholar to list their articles. For books, the coverage in Google Scholar is partly through Google Book Search, and is very strongly influenced by publisher's permissions and policies. Thus, the absence of references in Google Scholar should not be used as proof of non-notability.
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