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It was widely used throughout the Muslim world, chiefly as an aid to navigation and as a way of finding the Qibla, the direction of Mecca. Eighth-century mathematician Muhammad al-Fazari is the first person credited with building the astrolabe in the Islamic world. [17]
A significant aspect of the Muslim period in world history was the emergence of Islamic Sharia courts capable of imposing a common commercial and legal system that extended from Morocco in the West to Mongolia in the North East and Indonesia in the South East. While southern India was already in trade with Arabs/Muslims, northern India found ...
[10] [12] Arafat granted van de Bijl permission to open a Christian book store in the Gaza Strip. During the trip, van der Bijl also spoke about Christianity at the Islamic University of Gaza. [10] Later visits also included trips to Pakistan in the 2010s, where van der Bijl attempted to meet with members of the Taliban. [10]
The works of Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 870) and Jayhani (c. 910s) were at the basis of a new Perso-Arab tradition in Persia and Central Asia. [10] The exact relationship between the books of Khordadbeh and Jayhani is unknown, because the two books had the same title, have often been mixed up, and Jayhani's book has been lost, so that it can only be approximately reconstructed from the works of other ...
Concubinage in the Muslim world was the practice of Muslim men entering into intimate relationships without marriage, [2] with enslaved women, [3] though in rare, exceptional cases, sometimes with free women. [4] [5] [6] If the concubine gave birth to a child, she attained a higher status known as umm al-walad. [7]
With the departure of the pilgrims from Medina to Mecca, the rebel position was strengthened further, and as a consequence the crisis deepened. The rebels understood that, after the Hajj, the Muslims, gathered at Mecca from all parts of the Muslim world, might march to Medina to relieve Uthman. They therefore decided to take action against ...
Pakistan, [e] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, [f] is a country in South Asia.It is the fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, [g] having the second-largest Muslim population as of 2023.
The qibla is the direction of the Kaaba, a cube-like building at the centre of the Sacred Mosque (al-Masjid al-Haram) in Mecca, in the Hijaz region of Saudi Arabia. Other than its role as qibla, it is also the holiest site for Muslims, also known as the House of God (Bayt Allah) and where the tawaf (the circumambulation ritual) is performed during the Hajj and umrah pilgrimages.