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List of cognitive biases. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral economics. [ 1] Although the reality of most of these biases is confirmed by reproducible research, [ 2][ 3] there are often controversies about how to classify ...
Curse of knowledge. The curse of knowledge is a cognitive bias that occurs when an individual, who is communicating with others, assumes that others have information that is only available to themselves, assuming they all share a background and understanding. [ 1] This bias is also called by some authors the curse of expertise.
Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias, [ a] or congeniality bias[ 2]) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. [ 3] People display this bias when they select information that supports their views, ignoring contrary information, or ...
Hindsight bias. Hindsight bias, also known as the knew-it-all-along phenomenon[ 1] or creeping determinism, [ 2] is the common tendency for people to perceive past events as having been more predictable than they were. [ 3][ 4] After an event has occurred, people often believe that they could have predicted or perhaps even known with a high ...
t. e. In psychology, the false consensus effect, also known as consensus bias, is a pervasive cognitive bias that causes people to "see their own behavioral choices and judgments as relatively common and appropriate to existing circumstances". [ 1] In other words, they assume that their personal qualities, characteristics, beliefs, and actions ...
According to Haaretz, "Wikipedia has succeeded in being accused of being both too liberal and too conservative, and has critics from across the spectrum ", while also noting that Wikipedia is "usually accused of being too liberal". [ 85] According to CNN, Wikipedia's ideological bias "may match the ideological bias of the news ecosystem."
The availability heuristic, also known as availability bias, is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.
Information bias (psychology) Information bias is a cognitive bias to seek information when it does not affect action. An example of information bias is believing that the more information that can be acquired to make a decision, the better, even if that extra information is irrelevant for the decision. [ 1]