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Increase of average yearly temperature in selected cities in Europe (1900–2017) [245] Climate change has resulted in an increase in temperature of 2.3 °C (4.14 °F) (2022) in Europe compared to pre-industrial levels. Europe is the fastest warming continent in the world. [246] Europe's climate is getting warmer due to anthropogenic activity.
List of municipalities in Liechtenstein. List of cities in Lithuania. List of towns in Luxembourg. List of cities in Malta (historical only) List of cities and towns in Moldova. Monaco (city-state) List of cities in Montenegro. List of cities in the Netherlands. List of cities in North Macedonia.
In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The two largest peninsulas are Europe itself and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Three smaller peninsulas— Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans —emerge from the southern margin of the mainland.
Germany is the seventh-largest country in Europe. [ 4] It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and Czechia to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. Germany is also bordered by the North Sea and, at the north-northeast, by the Baltic Sea.
Europe, the westernmost portion of Eurasia, is often divided into regions and subregions based on geographical, cultural or historical factors. Since there is no universal agreement on Europe's regional composition, the placement of individual countries may vary based on criteria being used.
Romania is the largest country in Southeastern Europe and the twelfth-largest in Europe, having an area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi). [241] : 17 It lies between latitudes 43° and 49° N and longitudes 20° and 30° E. The terrain is distributed roughly equally between mountains, hills, and plains.
Rome is the national capital of Italy and is the seat of the Italian Government. The official residences of the President of the Italian Republic and the Italian Prime Minister, the seats of both houses of the Italian Parliament and that of the Italian Constitutional Court are located in the historic centre.
Amsterdam was Europe's most important hub for the shipment of goods and was the leading financial centre of the Western world. [54] In 1602, the Amsterdam office of the Dutch East India Company became the world's first stock exchange by trading in its own shares. [ 55 ]