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Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic ...
Earth's circumference is the distance around Earth. Measured around the equator, it is 40,075.017 km (24,901.461 mi). Measured passing through the poles, the circumference is 40,007.863 km (24,859.734 mi). Measurement of Earth's circumference has been important to navigation since ancient times.
The lunar distance is on average approximately 385,000 km (239,000 mi), or 1.28 light-seconds; this is roughly 30 times Earth's diameter or 9.5 times Earth's circumference. Around 389 lunar distances make up an AU astronomical unit (roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun). Lunar distance is commonly used to express the distance to near ...
380 Earth radii (very inaccurate, true=16000 Earth radii) Aristarchus of Samos made a measurement of the distance of the Sun from the Earth in relation to the distance of the Moon from the Earth. The distance to the Moon was described in Earth radii (20, also inaccurate). The diameter of the Earth had been calculated previously.
The position marks are entered inward from the distance marks according to their declination, and connected by lines (doted when negative) of their top-down viewed arcs of declination. This list covers all known stars , white dwarfs , brown dwarfs , and sub-brown dwarfs within 20 light-years (6.13 parsecs ) of the Sun .
Earth radius (denoted as RšØ or ) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid, the radius ranges from a maximum of nearly 6,378 km (3,963 mi) ( equatorial radius, denoted a) to a minimum of nearly 6,357 km (3,950 mi) ( polar radius, denoted b ).
Graphs of distances to the true horizon on Earth for a given height h. s is along the surface of the Earth, d is the straight line distance, and ~d is the approximate straight line distance assuming h << the radius of the Earth, 6371 km. In the SVG image, hover over a graph to highlight it.
Aristarchus of Samos. Eratosthenes ( c. 276 ā c. 194/195 BC ), a Greek mathematician who calculated the circumference of the Earth and also the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Hipparchus ( c. 190 ā c. 120 BC ), a Greek mathematician who measured the radii of the Sun and the Moon as well as their distances from the Earth.
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