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Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic ...
Strabo noted that the distance between Rhodes and Alexandria is 3,750 stadia, and reported Posidonius's estimate of the Earth's circumference to be 180,000 stadia or 18,000 mi (29,000 km). Pliny the Elder mentions Posidonius among his sources and—without naming him—reported his method for estimating the Earth's circumference.
The precise strength of Earth's gravity varies with location. The agreed upon value for standard gravity is 9.80665 m/s 2 (32.1740 ft/s 2) by definition. [4] This quantity is denoted variously as gn, ge (though this sometimes means the normal gravity at the equator, 9.7803267715 m/s 2 (32.087686258 ft/s 2 )), [5] g0, or simply g (which is also ...
Earth radius (denoted as R🜨 or ) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid, the radius ranges from a maximum of nearly 6,378 km (3,963 mi) ( equatorial radius, denoted a) to a minimum of nearly 6,357 km (3,950 mi) ( polar radius, denoted b ).
Longitude ( / ˈlɒndʒɪtjuːd /, AU and UK also / ˈlɒŋɡɪ -/) [1] [2] is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east – west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ). Meridians are imaginary ...
History of the metre. An early definition of the metre was one ten-millionth of the Earth quadrant, the distance from the North Pole to the Equator, measured along a meridian through Paris. The history of the metre starts with the Scientific Revolution that is considered to have begun with Nicolaus Copernicus 's publication of De revolutionibus ...
The metre was originally defined to be one ten millionth of the distance between the North Pole and the Equator through Paris. [9] In 1791 the commission originally defined the metre based on the size of the earth, equal to one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole.
Aristarchus of Samos. Eratosthenes ( c. 276 – c. 194/195 BC ), a Greek mathematician who calculated the circumference of the Earth and also the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Hipparchus ( c. 190 – c. 120 BC ), a Greek mathematician who measured the radii of the Sun and the Moon as well as their distances from the Earth.