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The King's Highway was a trade route of vital importance in the ancient Near East, connecting Africa with Mesopotamia. It ran from Egypt across the Sinai Peninsula to Aqaba, then turned northward across Transjordan, to Damascus and the Euphrates River . After the Muslim conquest of the Fertile Crescent in the 7th century AD and until the 16th ...
Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century). Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [ 1] particularly the Hellenistic geographers Ptolemy and Marinus ...
The Middle East and North Africa ( MENA ), also referred to as West Asia and North Africa ( WANA) [ 1] or South West Asia and North Africa ( SWANA ), [ 2][ 3] is a geographic region which comprises the Middle East (also called West Asia) and North Africa together. However, it is widely considered to be a more defined and apolitical alternative ...
Middle East empires have existed in the Middle East region at various periods between 3000 BCE and 1924 CE; they have been instrumental in the spreading of ideas, technology, and religions within Middle East territories and to outlying territories. Since the 7th century CE, all Middle East empires, with the exception of the Byzantine Empire ...
The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity, the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm. World maps assuming a spherical Earth first appear in the Hellenistic period. The developments of Greek geography during this time, notably by Eratosthenes and Posidonius culminated in the Roman ...
Map of the Fertile Crescent A 15th century copy of Ptolemy's fourth Asian map, depicting the area known as the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent (Arabic: الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran.
Antioch – In Asia Minor. Arabia – (in biblical times and until the 7th century AD Arabia was confined to the Arabian Peninsula) Aram / Aramea – (Modern Syria) Arbela (Erbil/Irbil) – Assyrian city. Archevite. Armenia – Indo-European kingdom of eastern Asia Minor and southern Caucasus. Arrapkha – Assyrian city, modern Kirkuk.
The Jordan river, in the middle of the Jordan valley, was the border between these two entities. This agreement split the Jordan valley, which during Ottoman times was under a single administration, to two distinct entities. Following the division, the concept of an east and west bank of the Jordan, as separate territorial units took hold.