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Cantor's diagonal argument (among various similar names [ note 1]) is a mathematical proof that there are infinite sets which cannot be put into one-to-one correspondence with the infinite set of natural numbers – informally, that there are sets which in some sense contain more elements than there are positive integers.
The concept of proof is formalized in the field of mathematical logic. [ 12] A formal proof is written in a formal language instead of natural language. A formal proof is a sequence of formulas in a formal language, starting with an assumption, and with each subsequent formula a logical consequence of the preceding ones.
If k = 0, then n is odd, and therefore p(z) has a real root. Now, suppose that n = 2 k m (with m odd and k > 0) and that the theorem is already proved when the degree of the polynomial has the form 2 k − 1 m′ with m′ odd. For a real number t, define:
An imaginary number is the product of a real number and the imaginary unit i, [ note 1] which is defined by its property i2 = −1. [ 1][ 2] The square of an imaginary number bi is −b2. For example, 5i is an imaginary number, and its square is −25. The number zero is considered to be both real and imaginary. [ 3]
The real part of every nontrivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/2. The Riemann hypothesis is that all nontrivial zeros of the analytical continuation of the Riemann zeta function have a real part of 1 / 2 . A proof or disproof of this would have far-reaching implications in number theory, especially for the distribution of prime ...
Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics. It states that every even natural number greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers. The conjecture has been shown to hold for all integers less than 4 × 10 18 but remains unproven despite considerable effort.
Sir Andrew John Wiles. Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem is a proof by British mathematician Andrew Wiles of a special case of the modularity theorem for elliptic curves. Together with Ribet's theorem, it provides a proof for Fermat's Last Theorem. Both Fermat's Last Theorem and the modularity theorem were believed to be impossible to ...
Illustration of the Archimedean property. In abstract algebra and analysis, the Archimedean property, named after the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse, is a property held by some algebraic structures, such as ordered or normed groups, and fields. The property, as typically construed, states that given two positive numbers and ...