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The Curtius rearrangement (or Curtius reaction or Curtius degradation ), first defined by Theodor Curtius in 1885, is the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate with loss of nitrogen gas. [ 1][ 2] The isocyanate then undergoes attack by a variety of nucleophiles such as water, alcohols and amines, to yield a primary amine ...
The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines by reductive amination in the presence of heat. [ 1][ 2] The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent. [ 3] It requires high temperatures, usually between 120 and 130 °C ...
Williamson ether synthesis. The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol ( alkoxide ). This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [ 2] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction.
The reaction is a variant of the Gomberg-Bachmann reaction. The following reaction scheme shows the Pschorr cyclization for the example of phenanthrene: Pschorr-Cyclisierung Reaction mechanism. In the course of the Pschorr cyclization, a diazotization of the starting compound occurs, so that an aryldiazonium salt is formed as intermediate.
The Borsche–Drechsel cyclization is a chemical reaction used to synthesize tetrahydrocarbazoles by the acid-catalyzed cyclization of cyclohexanone arylhydrazones. The reaction was first described by Edmund Drechsel in 1888 [ 1] and by Walter Borsche in 1908. [ 2] Borsche–Drechsel cyclization. Borsche–Drechsel cyclization is the central ...
The Pictet–Spengler reaction is a chemical reaction in which a β-arylethylamine undergoes condensation with an aldehyde or ketone followed by ring closure. The reaction was first discovered in 1911 by Amé Pictet and Theodor Spengler (22 February 1886 – 18 August 1965). [ 1] Traditionally, an acidic catalyst in protic solvent was employed ...
A 6 electron cyclization reaction with the loss of another ethanol molecule forms a quinoline (ethyl 4-oxo-4,4a-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate). The enol form can be represented from the keto form through keto-enol tautomerism. Protonation of the nitrogen forms ethyl 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate. Mechanism for the Gould-Jacobs reaction
The Chan–Lam coupling reaction – also known as the Chan–Evans–Lam coupling is a cross-coupling reaction between an aryl boronic acid and an alcohol or an amine to form the corresponding secondary aryl amines or aryl ethers, respectively. [ 1] The Chan–Lam coupling is catalyzed by copper complexes. It can be conducted in air at room ...