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The Curtius rearrangement (or Curtius reaction or Curtius degradation ), first defined by Theodor Curtius in 1885, is the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate with loss of nitrogen gas. [ 1][ 2] The isocyanate then undergoes attack by a variety of nucleophiles such as water, alcohols and amines, to yield a primary amine ...
Chemically, PCP is a member of the arylcyclohexylamine class, and pharmacologically, it is a dissociative anesthetic. [ 5][ 10][ 11] PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist. [ 10] PCP is most commonly used in the United States. [ 12] While usage peaked in the US in the 1970s, [ 13] between 2005 and 2011 an increase in visits to ...
mechanism. In organic chemistry, the Ei mechanism ( Elimination Internal/Intramolecular ), also known as a thermal syn elimination or a pericyclic syn elimination, is a special type of elimination reaction in which two vicinal (adjacent) substituents on an alkane framework leave simultaneously via a cyclic transition state to form an alkene in ...
In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. [ 1] The activation energy ( Ea) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). [ 2] Activation energy can be thought of as the ...
An arylcyclohexylamine is composed of a cyclohexylamine unit with an aryl moiety attachment. The aryl group is positioned geminal to the amine. In the simplest cases, the aryl moiety is typically a phenyl ring, sometimes with additional substitution. The amine is usually not primary; secondary amines such as methylamine or ethylamine, or ...
In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis.
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...
Williamson ether synthesis. The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol ( alkoxide ). This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [ 2] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction.