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Relative masses of the Solar planets. Jupiter at 71% of the total and Saturn at 21% dominate the system. Relative masses of the solid bodies of the Solar System. Earth at 48% and Venus at 39% dominate. Bodies less massive than Pluto are not visible at this scale. Relative masses of the rounded moons of the Solar System.
Many star names are, in origin, descriptive of the part in the constellation they are found in; thus Phecda, a corruption of Arabic فخذ الدب ( fakhdh ad-dubb, 'thigh of the bear'). Only a handful of the brightest stars have individual proper names not depending on their asterism; so Sirius ('the scorcher'), Antares ('rival of Ares ', i.e ...
The following is a list of Solar System objects by orbit, ordered by increasing distance from the Sun. Most named objects in this list have a diameter of 500 km or more. The Sun, a spectral class G2V main-sequence star. The inner Solar System and the terrestrial planets. Mercury. Mercury-crossing minor planets. Venus. Venus-crossing minor planets.
A red giant star with one of the largest ranges in brightness known of stars in the night sky visible to the unaided eye. Despite its large radius, it is less massive than the Sun. 119 Tauri (CE Tauri, Ruby Star) 587 – 593 [85] AD ρ Cassiopeiae: 564 ± 67 – 700 ± 112 [86] AD
Part of a symbiotic binary star system containing a red giant and a white dwarf. As in 2019, with mass 67.54 ± 12.79MJ (0.0523-0.0767 M☉) is the lowest known mass hydrogen-burning star. Luhman 16 B and Luhman 16 A are the closest brown dwarf stars to Earth, and the third-nearest star system to the Solar System.
Rank Galaxy Distance Notes 1 Milky Way Galaxy: 0 This is the galaxy containing the Sun and its Solar System, and therefore Earth. 2 Canis Major Dwarf: 0.025 Mly 3 Virgo Stellar Stream: 0.030 Mly 4 Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy: 0.081 Mly 5 Large Magellanic Cloud: 0.163 Mly Largest satellite galaxy of the Milky Way 6 Small Magellanic Cloud ...
The orbits of Solar System planets are nearly circular. Compared to many other systems, they have smaller orbital eccentricity. [69] Although there are attempts to explain it partly with a bias in the radial-velocity detection method and partly with long interactions of a quite high number of planets, the exact causes remain undetermined. [69] [73]
Astronomical naming conventions. In ancient times, only the Sun and Moon, a few stars, and the most easily visible planets had names. Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year. Astronomers need to be able to assign systematic ...