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Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. "Islam, Muslims, and modern technology." Islam and Science 3.2 (2005): 109–126. online; Stearns, Justin. "The Legal Status of Science in the Muslim World in the Early Modern Period: An Initial Consideration of Fatwās from Three Maghribī Sources." in The Islamic Scholarly Tradition (Brill, 2011) pp. 265–290. online
The Tusi couple, a mathematical device invented by the Persian polymath Nasir al-Din Tusi to model the not perfectly circular motions of the planets. Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids and the Buyids in ...
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi[ note 1] ( Persian: محمد بن موسى خوارزمی; c. 780 – c. 850 ), often referred to as simply al-Khwarizmi, was a polymath who produced vastly influential Arabic-language works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Hailing from Khwarazm, he was appointed as the astronomer and head of the House of ...
Siddiqui Stamps Catalogue - Collect Pakistan Postage Stamps 2011 Edition available at www.pakistanphilately.com Editor: Akhtar ul Islam Siddiqui; Ron Doubleday and Usman Ali Isani, Pakistan Overprints on Indian Stamps and Postal Stationery 1947–1949, Karachi (1993).
Steel mill: By the 11th century, much of the Islamic world had industrial steel watermills in operation, from Al-Andalus and North Africa to the Middle East and Central Asia. [ 84] Weight -driven clock: Arabic engineers invented water clocks driven by gears and weights in the 11th century.
Al Deek, Mahmoud (November–December 2004). "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine". Al Shindagah. Mowlana, H. (2001). "Information in the Arab World". Cooperation South Journal. 1. Abdalla, Mohamad (Summer 2007). "Ibn Khaldun on the Fate of Islamic Science after the 11th Century".
Postal rates to 1847. Initial United States postage rates were set by Congress as part of the Postal Service Act signed into law by President George Washington on February 20, 1792. The postal rate varied according to "distance zone", the distance a letter was to be carried from the post office where it entered the mail to its final destination.
The Islamic sciences ( Arabic: علوم الدين, romanized : ʿulūm al-dīn, lit. 'the sciences of religion') are a set of traditionally defined religious sciences practiced by Islamic scholars ( ʿulamāʾ ), aimed at the construction and interpretation of Islamic religious knowledge. [1]