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In the United States, response codes are used to describe a mode of response for an emergency unit responding to a call. They generally vary but often have three basic tiers: Code 3: Respond to the call using lights and sirens. Code 2: Respond to the call with emergency lights, but without sirens. Alternatively, sirens may be used if necessary ...
Police code. A police code is a brevity code, usually numerical or alphanumerical, used to transmit information between law enforcement over police radio systems in the United States. Examples of police codes include "10 codes" (such as 10-4 for "okay" or "acknowledged"—sometimes written X4 or X-4), signals, incident codes, response codes, or ...
Redlining is a discriminatory practice in which financial services are withheld from neighborhoods that have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities. [ 2] Redlining has been most prominent in the United States, and has mostly been directed against African-Americans.
In education, the broken windows theory is used to promote order in classrooms and school cultures. The belief is that students are signaled by disorder or rule-breaking and that they in turn imitate the disorder. Several school movements encourage strict paternalistic practices to enforce student discipline.
Adam Smith FRS FRSE FRSA (baptised 16 June [ O.S. 5 June] 1723 [ 1] – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish [ a] economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. [ 3] Seen by some as "The Father of Economics" [ 4] or "The Father of Capitalism", [ 5] he wrote two classic ...
v. t. e. Articles in economics journals are usually classified according to JEL classification codes, which derive from the Journal of Economic Literature. The JEL is published quarterly by the American Economic Association (AEA) and contains survey articles and information on recently published books and dissertations.
A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or series of transactions that has some aspect of illegality or is not compliant with an institutional set of rules. If the rule defines the set of goods and services whose production and distribution is prohibited or restricted by law, non-compliance with the rule ...
Free-rider problem. In economics, the free-rider problem is a type of market failure that occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods and common pool resources do not pay for them [ 1] or under-pay. Examples of such goods are public roads or public libraries or other services or utilities of a communal nature.