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60,000 Indigenous Americans forcibly relocated to Indian Territory. The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850, and the additional thousands of Native Americans within that were ethnically cleansed by the United States government.
Cherokee slaveowners took their slaves with them on the Trail of Tears, the forced removal of Native Americans from their original lands to Indian Territory by the federal government. Of the Five Civilized Tribes removed to Indian Territory, the Cherokee were the largest tribe and held the most enslaved African Americans.
Elias Boudinot ( Cherokee: ᎦᎴᎩᎾ ᎤᏩᏘ, romanized: Gallegina Uwati; 1802 – June 22, 1839; also known as Buck Watie) was a writer, newspaper editor, and leader of the Cherokee Nation. [1] He was a member of a prominent family, and was born and grew up in Cherokee territory, now part of present-day Georgia. Born to parents of mixed ...
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1 (1831), was a United States Supreme Court case. The Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the U.S. state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries, but the Supreme Court did not hear the case on its merits.
The Trail of Broken Treaties (also known as the Trail of Broken Treaties Caravan and the Pan American Native Quest for Justice) was a 1972 cross-country caravan of American Indian and First Nations organizations that started on the West Coast of the United States and ended at the Department of Interior headquarters building at the US capital of Washington, D.C. Participants called for the ...
John Ross's life and the Trail of Tears are dramatized in Episode 3 of the Ric Burns "American Experience" documentary, We Shall Remain (2009), shown and available online on PBS. John Ross is a character in Unto These Hills , an outdoor drama that has been performed in Cherokee, NC since 1950.
The "Farewell Letter to the American People" was a widely published letter by Choctaw Chief George W. Harkins in February 1832. [1] It denounced the removal of the Choctaw Nation to Oklahoma . It also marked the beginning of a large process that would remove Native Americans who were living east of Mississippi, the Trail of Tears.
An estimated 4,000 Cherokees died in the march, now known as the Trail of Tears. In the decades that followed, white settlers encroached even into the western lands set aside for Native Americans. American settlers eventually made homesteads from coast to coast, just as the Native Americans had before them.