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  2. List of pitch intervals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pitch_intervals

    The Pythagorean A ♭ (at the left) is at 792 cents, G ♯ (at the right) at 816 cents; the difference is the Pythagorean comma. Equal temperament by definition is such that A ♭ and G ♯ are at the same level. 1⁄4 -comma meantone produces the "just" major third (5:4, 386 cents, a syntonic comma lower than the Pythagorean one of 408 cents ...

  3. Interval (music) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(music)

    Interval (music) In music theory, an interval is a difference in pitch between two sounds. [ 1] An interval may be described as horizontal, linear, or melodic if it refers to successively sounding tones, such as two adjacent pitches in a melody, and vertical or harmonic if it pertains to simultaneously sounding tones, such as in a chord. [ 2 ...

  4. Quarter tone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_tone

    The term quarter tone can refer to a number of different intervals, all very close in size. For example, some 17th- and 18th-century theorists used the term to describe the distance between a sharp and enharmonically distinct flat in mean-tone temperaments (e.g., D ♯ –E ♭ ). [ 2 ] In the quarter-tone scale, also called 24-tone equal ...

  5. Musical tuning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_tuning

    Tuning is the process of adjusting the pitch of one or many tones from musical instruments to establish typical intervals between these tones. Tuning is usually based on a fixed reference, such as A = 440 Hz. The term " out of tune " refers to a pitch/tone that is either too high ( sharp) or too low ( flat) in relation to a given reference pitch.

  6. Scale (music) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(music)

    The C major scale, ascending and descending. In music theory, a scale is "any consecutive series of notes that form a progression between one note and its octave ", typically by order of pitch or fundamental frequency. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The word "scale" originates from the Latin scala, which literally means " ladder ".

  7. Semitone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitone

    Minor second. A semitone, also called a minor second, half step, or a half tone, [ 3] is the smallest musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music, [ 4] and it is considered the most dissonant [ 5] when sounded harmonically. It is defined as the interval between two adjacent notes in a 12-tone scale (or half of a whole step ), visually ...

  8. Music theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_theory

    In modern academia, music theory is a subfield of musicology, the wider study of musical cultures and history. Music theory is often concerned with abstract musical aspects such as tuning and tonal systems, scales, consonance and dissonance, and rhythmic relationships. In addition, there is also a body of theory concerning practical aspects ...

  9. Diatonic scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatonic_scale

    In music theory, a diatonic scale is any heptatonic scale that includes five whole steps (whole tones) and two half steps (semitones) in each octave, in which the two half steps are separated from each other by either two or three whole steps, depending on their position in the scale. This pattern ensures that, in a diatonic scale spanning more ...

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