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  2. Photosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

    To use this stored chemical energy, an organism's cells metabolize the organic compounds through cellular respiration. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and it supplies most of the biological energy necessary for complex life on Earth.

  3. Photosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem

    Photosystem. Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. Together they carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons. Photosystems are found in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.

  4. Plant cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cell

    Structure of a plant cell. Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagella or ...

  5. Photosynthetic efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic_efficiency

    The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in green plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction. 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2. where C 6 H 12 O 6 is glucose (which is subsequently transformed into other sugars ...

  6. Photosystem I - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem_I

    Photosystem I (PSI, or plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase) is one of two photosystems in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and cyanobacteria. Photosystem I [1] is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.

  7. Coccolithophore - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccolithophore

    Coccolithophores are spherical cells about 5–100 micrometres across, enclosed by calcareous plates called coccoliths, which are about 2–25 micrometres across. Each cell contains two brown chloroplasts which surround the nucleus. [ 40 ] Enclosed in each coccosphere is a single cell with membrane bound organelles.

  8. Photophosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophosphorylation

    All organisms produce a phosphate compound, ATP, which is the universal energy currency of life. In photophosphorylation, light energy is used to pump protons across a biological membrane, mediated by flow of electrons through an electron transport chain. This stores energy in a proton gradient. As the protons flow back through an enzyme called ...

  9. Photosystem II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem_II

    Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Within the photosystem, enzymes capture photons of light to energize electrons that are then transferred through a variety ...

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