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In macroeconomics, money supply (or money stock) refers to the total volume of money held by the public at a particular point in time. There are several ways to define "money", but standard measures usually include currency in circulation (i.e. physical cash) and demand deposits (depositors' easily accessed assets on the books of financial institutions ). [1] [2] Money supply data is recorded ...
In monetary economics, the money multiplieris the ratio of the money supplyto the monetary base(i.e. central bank money). If the money multiplier is stable, it implies that the central bankcan control the money supply by determining the monetary base. In some simplified expositions, the monetary multiplier is presented as simply the ...
Reserve requirements are central bank regulations that set the minimum amount that a commercial bank must hold in liquid assets. This minimum amount, commonly referred to as the commercial bank's reserve, is generally determined by the central bank on the basis of a specified proportion of deposit liabilities of the bank. This rate is commonly referred to as the cash reserve ratio or shortened ...
These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g., the U.S. dollar, the euro, the pound sterling, the Japanese yen, the Indian rupee, and the Swiss franc) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g., the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the Central ...
Economy of Canada. All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars. The economy of Canada is a highly developed mixed economy, [36] [37] [38] with the world's tenth-largest economy as of 2023, and a nominal GDP of approximately US$ 2.117 trillion. [6] Canada is one of the world's largest trading nations, with a highly globalized economy ...
This is a list of countries with the highest military expenditure in a given year. Military expenditure figures are presented in United States dollars based on either constant or current exchange rates. [1]
The Bank of Canada ( BoC; French: Banque du Canada) is a Crown corporation and Canada 's central bank. [4] Chartered in 1934 under the Bank of Canada Act, it is responsible for formulating Canada's monetary policy, [5] and for the promotion of a safe and sound financial system within Canada. [6] The Bank of Canada is the sole issuing authority ...
The Canadian fifty-cent coin ( French: pièce de cinquante cents) is a Canadian coin worth 50 cents. The coin's reverse depicts the coat of arms of Canada. At the opening ceremonies for the Ottawa branch of the Royal Mint, held on January 2, 1908, Governor General Earl Grey struck the Dominion of Canada's first domestically produced coin. It was a silver fifty-cent coin bearing the effigy of ...