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Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country") [ 1][ 2] is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. [ 3][ 4][ 5] In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or ...
Statistic. A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is any quantity computed from values in a sample which is considered for a statistical purpose. Statistical purposes include estimating a population parameter, describing a sample, or evaluating a hypothesis. The average (or mean) of sample values is a statistic.
This glossary of statistics and probability is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in the mathematical sciences of statistics and probability, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. For additional related terms, see Glossary of mathematics and Glossary of experimental design . Contents:
v. t. e. A descriptive statistic (in the count noun sense) is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features from a collection of information, [ 1] while descriptive statistics (in the mass noun sense) is the process of using and analysing those statistics. Descriptive statistics is distinguished from inferential ...
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory, a branch of mathematics, to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques which are used for this include mathematical analysis , linear algebra , stochastic analysis , differential equations , and measure theory .
Statistical significance. In statistical hypothesis testing, [ 1][ 2] a result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true. [ 3] More precisely, a study's defined significance level, denoted by , is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis, given ...
Statistical parameter. World population distribution. In statistics, as opposed to its general use in mathematics, a parameter is any quantity of a statistical population that summarizes or describes an aspect of the population, such as a mean or a standard deviation. If a population exactly follows a known and defined distribution, for example ...
e. In common usage, data ( / ˈdeɪtə /, also US: / ˈdætə /) is a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally. A datum is an individual value in a collection of data.