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Annulus (mathematics) Illustration of Mamikon's visual calculus method showing that the areas of two annuli with the same chord length are the same regardless of inner and outer radii. [1] In mathematics, an annulus ( pl.: annuli or annuluses) is the region between two concentric circles. Informally, it is shaped like a ring or a hardware washer.
The circle above is transformed into the Joukowsky airfoil below. In applied mathematics, the Joukowsky transform (sometimes transliterated Joukovsky, Joukowski or Zhukovsky) is a conformal map historically used to understand some principles of airfoil design. It is named after Nikolai Zhukovsky, who published it in 1910.
A circle of radius 23 drawn by the Bresenham algorithm. In computer graphics, the midpoint circle algorithm is an algorithm used to determine the points needed for rasterizing a circle. It's a generalization of Bresenham's line algorithm. The algorithm can be further generalized to conic sections. [1] [2] [3]
Inversive geometry. In geometry, inversive geometry is the study of inversion, a transformation of the Euclidean plane that maps circles or lines to other circles or lines and that preserves the angles between crossing curves. Many difficult problems in geometry become much more tractable when an inversion is applied.
In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane. [ 1][ 2][ 3] In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. [ 4][ 5 ...
Incircle and excircles. Incircle and excircles of a triangle. In geometry, the incircle or inscribed circle of a triangle is the largest circle that can be contained in the triangle; it touches (is tangent to) the three sides. The center of the incircle is a triangle center called the triangle's incenter. [1] An excircle or escribed circle [2 ...
In mathematics, a unit circle is a circle of unit radius —that is, a radius of 1. [1] Frequently, especially in trigonometry, the unit circle is the circle of radius 1 centered at the origin (0, 0) in the Cartesian coordinate system in the Euclidean plane. In topology, it is often denoted as S1 because it is a one-dimensional unit n -sphere.
In Euclidean plane geometry, a tangent line to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly one point, never entering the circle's interior. Tangent lines to circles form the subject of several theorems, and play an important role in many geometrical constructions and proofs. Since the tangent line to a circle at a point P is ...