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Vertex (geometry) A vertex of an angle is the endpoint where two lines or rays come together. In geometry, a vertex ( pl.: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet or intersect. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra ...
self-dual. Net. 3D model of a regular tetrahedron. In geometry, a tetrahedron ( pl.: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons ), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra.
Octant (solid geometry) Three axial planes ( x =0, y =0, z =0) divide space into eight octants. The eight (±,±,±) coordinates of the cube vertices are used to denote them. The horizontal plane shows the four quadrants between x - and y -axis. (Vertex numbers are little-endian balanced ternary.) An octant in solid geometry is one of the eight ...
Incircle and excircles. Incircle and excircles of a triangle. In geometry, the incircle or inscribed circle of a triangle is the largest circle that can be contained in the triangle; it touches (is tangent to) the three sides. The center of the incircle is a triangle center called the triangle's incenter. [1] An excircle or escribed circle [2 ...
In Euclidean geometry, Ceva's theorem is a theorem about triangles. Given a triangle ABC, let the lines AO, BO, CO be drawn from the vertices to a common point O (not on one of the sides of ABC ), to meet opposite sides at D, E, F respectively. (The segments AD, BE, CF are known as cevians .) Then, using signed lengths of segments ,
Simplex. The four simplexes that can be fully represented in 3D space. In geometry, a simplex (plural: simplexes or simplices) is a generalization of the notion of a triangle or tetrahedron to arbitrary dimensions. The simplex is so-named because it represents the simplest possible polytope in any given dimension.
Rotation matrix. In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a transformation matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example, using the convention below, the matrix. rotates points in the xy plane counterclockwise through an angle θ about the origin of a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.
Shortest path (A, C, E, D, F) between vertices A and F in the weighted directed graph. In graph theory, the shortest path problem is the problem of finding a path between two vertices (or nodes) in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimized. The problem of finding the shortest path between two intersections ...