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Pascal's law (also Pascal's principle [1] [2] [3] or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure) is a principle in fluid mechanics given by Blaise Pascal that states that a pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere. [4]
In fluid dynamics, the Reynolds number ( Re) is a dimensionless quantity that helps predict fluid flow patterns in different situations by measuring the ratio between inertial and viscous forces. [ 2] At low Reynolds numbers, flows tend to be dominated by laminar (sheet-like) flow, while at high Reynolds numbers, flows tend to be turbulent.
Torricelli's law, also known as Torricelli's theorem, is a theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing from an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening. The law states that the speed of efflux of a fluid through a sharp-edged hole at the bottom of the tank filled to a depth is the same as the speed that a body would ...
Continuum mechanics. Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. [ 1] Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics.
Dynamic pressure. In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by q or Q and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: [ 1] where (in SI units): u is the flow speed in m/s. It can be thought of as the fluid's kinetic energy per unit volume . For incompressible flow, the dynamic pressure of a fluid is the difference between ...
The shear rate for a fluid flowing between two parallel plates, one moving at a constant speed and the other one stationary ( Couette flow ), is defined by. where: γ ˙ {\displaystyle {\dot {\gamma }}} is the shear rate, measured in reciprocal seconds; v is the velocity of the moving plate, measured in meters per second;
The poise (symbol P; / pɔɪz, pwɑːz /) is the unit of dynamic viscosity (absolute viscosity) in the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). [ 1] It is named after Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille (see Hagen–Poiseuille equation ). The centipoise (1 cP = 0.01 P) is more commonly used than the poise itself. Dynamic viscosity has ...
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.