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For small angles, M can also be considered to be fixed, while B moves as the ship heels. The metacentric height ( GM) is a measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body [ 1]. It is calculated as the distance between the centre of gravity of a ship and its metacentre. A larger metacentric height implies greater initial stability ...
A Dead Reckoning, DR, is calculated by using a previously determined position on a chart, and advancing that position based on known or estimated speed over a set amount of time. This can be calculated by using the formula Speed = Distance / Time. Once an advance position has been plotted, then set and drift can be factored in.
The classical rocket equation, or ideal rocket equation is a mathematical equation that describes the motion of vehicles that follow the basic principle of a rocket: a device that can apply acceleration to itself using thrust by expelling part of its mass with high velocity and can thereby move due to the conservation of momentum . It is ...
Waterline length. A vessel's length at the waterline (abbreviated to L.W.L) [1] is the length of a ship or boat at the level where it sits in the water (the waterline ). The LWL will be shorter than the length of the boat overall ( length overall or LOA) as most boats have bows and stern protrusions that make the LOA greater than the LWL.
For a tower with a height of h L =100 m, the horizon distance is D L =35.7 km. Thus an observer on a beach can see the top of the tower as long as it is not more than D BL =40.35 km away. Conversely, if an observer on a boat (h B =1.7 m) can just see the tops of trees on a nearby shore (h L =10 m), the trees are probably about D BL =16 km away.
Hull speed or displacement speed is the speed at which the wavelength of a vessel's bow wave is equal to the waterline length of the vessel. As boat speed increases from rest, the wavelength of the bow wave increases, and usually its crest-to-trough dimension (height) increases as well. When hull speed is exceeded, a vessel in displacement mode ...
Sailing hydrofoils achieve boat speeds up to twice the speed of the wind, as did the AC72 catamarans used for the 2013 America's Cup. [20] Ice boats can sail up to five times the speed of the wind. [21] [22] Lateral force is a reaction supplied by the underwater shape of a sailboat, the blades of an ice boat and the wheels of a land sailing craft.
For US waters, the US Code of Federal Regulations require ships and their masters to calculate UKC based on the ship's deepest navigational draft. 33 CFR 157.450 The regulations require the master to discuss the UKC calculation with the maritime pilot as the ship approaches US ports/waters. 33 CFR 157.450