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Sheltered instruction is an educational approach designed to make academic content more accessible to English language learners (ELLs) while promoting their language development. It involves modifying instruction to accommodate students' language proficiency levels and providing additional support to help comprehend and engage with material ...
The communication accommodation theory (CAT), developed by Howard Giles, professor of communication at the University of California, Santa Barbara, seeks to explain the cognitive reasons for code-switching, and other changes in speech, as a person either emphasizes or minimizes the social differences between himself and the other person(s) in ...
The main purpose of theories of second-language acquisition (SLA) is to shed light on how people who already know one language learn a second language. The field of second-language acquisition involves various contributions, such as linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and education.
Communication strategies are strategies that learners use to overcome these problems in order to convey their intended meaning. [1] Strategies used may include paraphrasing, substitution, coining new words, switching to the first language, and asking for clarification. [2] [3] These strategies, with the exception of switching languages, are ...
Linguistics. Second-language acquisition ( SLA ), sometimes called second-language learning —otherwise referred to as L2 ( language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.
Communicative language teaching. Communicative language teaching ( CLT ), or the communicative approach ( CA ), is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of study. Learners in environments using communication to learn and practice the target language by interactions with one another ...
Cognitive academic language proficiency ( CALP) is a language-related term developed by Jim Cummins which refers to formal academic learning, as opposed to basic interpersonal communicative skills ( BICS ). [1] In schools today, the terms BICS and CALP are most frequently used to discuss the language proficiency levels of students who are in ...
English-language learner (often abbreviated as ELL) is a term used in some English-speaking countries such as the United States and Canada to describe a person who is learning the English language and has a native language that is not English. Some educational advocates, especially in the United States, classify these students as non-native ...