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v. t. e. The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, which include consonant pointing known as iʻjām ( إِعْجَام ), and supplementary diacritics known as tashkīl ( تَشْكِيل ). The latter include the vowel marks termed ḥarakāt ( حَرَكَات; sg. حَرَكَة, ḥarakah ). The Arabic script is a modified abjad, where ...
When the Arabic alphabet spread to countries which used other languages, extra letters had to be invented to spell non-Arabic sounds. Usually the alteration was three dots above like ژ, ڠ and څ or below like چ and پ. Urdu: retroflex sounds: as the corresponding dentals but with a small letter ط above.
For example, the Arabic letters ب b, ت t, and ث th have the same basic shape, but with one dot added below, two dots added above, and three dots added above respectively. The letter ن n also has the same form in initial and medial forms, with one dot added above, though it is somewhat different in its isolated and final forms.
The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly).
S, ẞ. Cyrillic. С, Ш, Щ. Shin (also spelled Šin ( šīn) or Sheen) is the twenty-first and penultimate letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician šīn 𐤔, Hebrew šīn ש , Aramaic šīn 𐡔, Syriac šīn ܫ, and Arabic sīn س [ a] and šīn ش [ b]. [ c]
Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated ʿ ) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin ע , Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn ع (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only). [ note 1] The letter represents a voiced pharyngeal fricative ( / ʕ /) or a similarly ...
Aleph (or alef or alif, transliterated ʾ) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ʾālep 𐤀, Hebrew ʾālef א , Aramaic ʾālap 𐡀, Syriac ʾālap̄ ܐ, Arabic ʾalif ا , and North Arabian 𐪑. It also appears as South Arabian 𐩱 and Ge'ez ʾälef አ. These letters are believed to have derived from an ...
Arabic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy based on the Arabic alphabet. It is known in Arabic as khatt ( Arabic: خَطّ ), derived from the words 'line', 'design', or 'construction'. [ 1][ 2] Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script . From an artistic point of view, Arabic calligraphy has been known and ...