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Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. [ 1][ 2] Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social ...
In psychology and cognitive science, a schema ( pl.: schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of ...
"Nomology" derives from the Greek νόμος, law, and λόγος, reason.The term nomology may come from Aristotle. [1] The '-ology' suffix implies 'order', 'word' and 'reason', and is about being subjectively reasonable or 'logical' as in sociology and psychology.
Rationalization (psychology) Rationalization is a defense mechanism (ego defense) in which apparent logical reasons are given to justify behavior that is motivated by unconscious instinctual impulses. [ 1] It is an attempt to find reasons for behaviors, especially one's own. [ 2] Rationalizations are used to defend against feelings of guilt ...
Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest level of psychological development, where personal potential is fully realized after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled. The highest level of psychological development in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is self-transcendence . Self-actualization was coined by the ...
The use of the term in psychology entered English with the translation from German ("Valenz") in 1935 of works of Kurt Lewin.The original German word suggests "binding", and is commonly used in a grammatical context to describe the ability of one word to semantically and syntactically link another, especially the ability of a verb to require a number of additional terms (e.g. subject and ...
Hindsight bias, also known as the knew-it-all-along phenomenon[ 1] or creeping determinism, [ 2] is the common tendency for people to perceive past events as having been more predictable than they were. [ 3][ 4] After an event has occurred, people often believe that they could have predicted or perhaps even known with a high degree of certainty ...
Heuristic (psychology) Heuristics (from Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω, heurískō, "I find, discover") is the process by which humans use mental shortcuts to arrive at decisions. Heuristics are simple strategies that humans, animals, [ 1][ 2][ 3] organizations, [ 4] and even machines [ 5] use to quickly form judgments, make decisions, and find ...