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An alpha particle X-ray spectrometer ( APXS) is a spectrometer that analyses the chemical element composition of a sample from scattered alpha particles and fluorescent X-rays after a sample is irradiated with alpha particles and X-rays from radioactive sources. [1] This method of analysing the elemental composition of a sample is most often ...
The voltages used in diagnostic X-ray tubes range from roughly 20 kV to 150 kV and thus the highest energies of the X-ray photons range from roughly 20 keV to 150 keV. [ 86 ] Both of these X-ray production processes are inefficient, with only about one percent of the electrical energy used by the tube converted into X-rays, and thus most of the ...
In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images . On a spectrum of computational cost and visual fidelity, ray tracing-based rendering techniques, such as ray casting, recursive ray tracing, distribution ray tracing, photon mapping ...
X-ray notation is a method of labeling atomic orbitals that grew out of X-ray science. Also known as IUPAC notation, it was adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in 1991 as a simplification of the older Siegbahn notation. [1] In X-ray notation, every principal quantum number is given a letter associated with it.
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure ( EXAFS ), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure ( XANES ), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy ( XAS ). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a ...
A high-mass X-ray binary ( HMXB) is a binary star system that is strong in X rays, and in which the normal stellar component is a massive star: usually an O or B star, a blue supergiant, or in some cases, a red supergiant or a Wolf–Rayet star. The compact, X-ray emitting, component is a neutron star or black hole. [ 1]
Lada XRAY is the first compact city crossover in the company's history. The car’s design is based on the Dacia B0 platform and is the result of Renault’s and AVTOVAZ’s specialists. Production started in December 2015 in full compliance with the schedule previously announced by the company. It is produced at the Togliatti manufacturing site.
X-Ray Spectrom. X-Ray Spectrometry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1972 and published by John Wiley & Sons. It covers the theory and application of X-ray spectrometry. The current editor-in-chiefs are Johan Boman ( University of Gothenburg) and Liqiang Luo ( National Research Center of Geoanalysis ).