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Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
A place is an area that is defined by everything in it. It differs from location in that a place is conditions and features, and location is a position in space. [4] Places have physical characteristics, such as landforms and plant and animal life, as well as human characteristics, such as economic activities and languages. [1]
The lines from pole to pole are lines of constant longitude, or meridians. The circles parallel to the Equator are circles of constant latitude, or parallels. The graticule shows the latitude and longitude of points on the surface. In this example, meridians are spaced at 6° intervals and parallels at 4° intervals.
Ptolemy's map of the Mediterranean superimposed on a modern map, with Greenwich as the reference longitude. Ptolemy, in the 2nd century AD, based his mapping system on estimated distances and directions reported by travellers. Until then, all maps had used a rectangular grid with latitude and longitude as straight lines intersecting at right ...
Robotics: self-navigating, autonomous robots using GPS sensors, [128] which calculate latitude, longitude, time, speed, and heading. Sport: used in football and rugby for the control and analysis of the training load. [129] Surveying: surveyors use absolute locations to make maps and determine property boundaries.
In other words, it is a line of longitude. The position of a point along the meridian is given by that longitude and its latitude , measured in angular degrees north or south of the Equator . On a Mercator projection or on a Gall-Peters projection , each meridian is perpendicular to all circles of latitude .
The map projection and the Geographic coordinate system (GCS, latitude and longitude) date to the Hellenistic period, proliferating during the Enlightenment Era of the 18th century. However, their use as the basis for specifying precise locations, rather than latitude and longitude, is a 20th century innovation.
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