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The Urdu alphabet ( Urdu: اردو حروفِ تہجی, romanized : urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
The first three letters, or mātarā vāhakă ("vowel bearer"), are distinct because they form the basis for independent vowels and are not consonants, or vianjană, like the remaining letters are, and except for the second letter aiṛā [note 2] are never used on their own; [31] see § Vowel diacritics for further details.
Students dressed in sherwani at the University College of Arts, c. 1939–1945. B. E. Vijayam addresses students with the arts college in the background, c. 1973.. In 1917, Sir Akbar Hydari, in a memorandum to the Education Minister, emphasized the need to establish a university in Hyderabad with Urdu as the medium of instruction, "as it is the language of the widest currency in India". [12]
Now even national curriculum books from class 5 to class 12 are distributed freely among all students and schools. The educational system of Bangladesh faces several problems. In the past, Bangladesh education was primarily a British modelled upper-class affair with all courses given in English and very little being done for the common people.
Lahore Grammar School ( LGS ), established in 1979, is a private preparatory school in Pakistan affiliated with the Cambridge Board of International Examinations, with several branches throughout the country. [1] Lahore Grammar School's slogan, "علم سے دل و دماغ روشن" translates to "heart and mind enlightened by knowledge".
The language of instruction depends on the nature of the institution itself, whether it is an English-medium school or an Urdu-medium school. The City School in Karachi As of 2009, Pakistan faces a net primary school attendance rate for both sexes of 66%, a figure below estimated world average of 90 per cent.
An English-Urdu bilingual sign at the archaeological site of Sirkap, near Taxila. The Urdu says: (right to left) دو سروں والے عقاب کی شبيہ والا مندر, dō sarōñ wālé u'qāb kī shabīh wāla mandir. "The temple with the image of the eagle with two heads." Most languages of Pakistan are written in the Perso-Arabic ...
English is the standard language for matriculation for science subjects, while regional languages are also an option. Most students who pass matriculation, or class 10, are 15–16 years old. Upon successfully passing, a student may continue onto the Higher secondary school. Most students who pass class 12 are 17–18 years old.