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kilometre (km) or kilometer is a metric unit used, outside the US, to measure the length of a journey; the international statute mile (mi) is used in the US; 1 mi = 1.609344 km. nautical mile is rarely used to derive units of transportation quantity.
A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters. [2] [3] [4] Historically, it was defined as the meridian arc length corresponding to one minute ( 1 / 60 of a degree) of latitude at the equator, so that Earth's polar circumference is very near to 21,600 nautical miles (that is 60 minutes × 360 degrees).
The knot ( / nɒt /) is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, exactly 1.852 km/h (approximately 1.151 mph or 0.514 m/s ). [ 1][ 2] The ISO standard symbol for the knot is kn. [ 3] The same symbol is preferred by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ), while kt is also common, especially in aviation, where ...
Pace [6] in minutes per kilometre or mile vs. slope angle resulting from Naismith's rule [7] for basal speeds of 5 and 4 km / h. [n 1]The original Naismith's rule from 1892 says that one should allow one hour per three miles on the map and an additional hour per 2000 feet of ascent.
The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path between the two points on the surface of the sphere. (By comparison, the shortest path passing through the sphere's interior is the chord between ...
Geothermal gradient is the rate of change in temperature with respect to increasing depth in Earth 's interior. As a general rule, the crust temperature rises with depth due to the heat flow from the much hotter mantle; away from tectonic plate boundaries, temperature rises in about 25–30 °C/km (72–87 °F/mi) of depth near the surface in ...
The "old English mile" of the medieval and early modern periods varied but seems to have measured about 1.3 international miles (2.1 km). [17] [18] The old English mile varied over time and location within England. [18] The old English mile has also been defined as 79,200 or 79,320 inches (1.25 or 1.2519 statute miles). [19]
Δ λ = λ 2 − λ 1 {\displaystyle \Delta \lambda =\lambda _ {2}-\lambda _ {1}} . Finally, the haversine function hav (θ), applied above to both the central angle θ and the differences in latitude and longitude, is. The haversine function computes half a versine of the angle θ, or the squares of half chord of the angle on a unit circle ...