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Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
Citations to different pages or parts of the same source can also be combined (preserving the distinct parts of the citations), as described in Help:References and page numbers. Any method that is consistent with the existing citation style (if any) may be used, or consensus can be sought to change the existing style. Some tools are linked below.
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
Citation impact or citation rate is a measure of how many times an academic journal article or book or author is cited by other articles, books or authors. Citation counts are interpreted as measures of the impact or influence of academic work and have given rise to the field of bibliometrics or scientometrics, specializing in the study of patterns of academic impact through citation analysis.
The Science Citation Index Expanded (previously titled Science Citation Index) is a citation index originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and created by Eugene Garfield. The Science Citation Index (SCI) was officially launched in 1964, [ 1] and later was distributed via CD / DVD. [ 2]
Scientific citation is providing detailed reference in a scientific publication, typically a paper or book, to previous published (or occasionally private) communications which have a bearing on the subject of the new publication. [citation needed] The purpose of citations in original work is to allow readers of the paper to refer to cited work ...
The term is most commonly associated with text materials, either in traditional printed format or online; however, audio, video, and multimedia materials that have been recorded then broadcast, distributed, or archived by a reputable party may also meet the necessary criteria to be considered reliable sources.
Open access sources are usually easier to preserve in the long-term (including at Internet Archive Scholar and similar services); if an article predominantly relies on closed sources, it might get harder in the future to understand its references. If you decide to cite Wikipedia, remember that its articles are constantly changing: cite exact ...
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